There are various classifications of ceramics

There is currently no unified classification method for ceramic materials, which are usually divided into three categories: glass, glass ceramics, and engineering ceramics. Engineering ceramics are further divided into two categories: ordinary ceramics and special ceramics. Ordinary ceramics, also known as traditional ceramics, and special ceramics, also known as modern ceramics.
Ceramic materials are a type of inorganic non-metallic materials made by shaping and high-temperature sintering natural or synthetic compounds. It has advantages such as high melting point, high hardness, high wear resistance, and oxidation resistance. It can be used as structural materials, tool materials, and mold materials. Due to the special properties of ceramics, it can also be used as functional materials.
Ordinary ceramics
Ordinary ceramics, also known as traditional ceramics, are mainly made of clay (Al2O3 · 2SiO2 · H2O), quartz (SiO2), and feldspar (K2O · Al2O3 · 6SiO2). By adjusting the ratio of the three, different electrical resistance, heat resistance, and mechanical properties can be obtained. Ordinary ceramics are generally hard, but have high brittleness, excellent insulation and corrosion resistance.
Ordinary ceramics are usually divided into two categories: daily ceramics and industrial ceramics.
Special ceramics
Special ceramics, also known as modern ceramics, are divided into two categories according to their applications: special structural ceramics and functional ceramics, such as piezoelectric ceramics, magnetic ceramics, capacitor ceramics, high-temperature ceramics, etc. The most important high-temperature ceramics in engineering include oxide ceramics, carbide ceramics, boride ceramics, and nitride ceramics.
① Oxide ceramics
a. Properties of oxide ceramics
I. The melting point is mostly above 2000 ℃, and the firing temperature is around 1800 ℃. At the firing temperature, oxide particles undergo rapid sintering, and solid surface reactions occur between the particles, resulting in the formation of large ceramic crystals (single-phase) or the production of a small amount of gas.